Computability

Recursive Functions

Equation form expr-00103be7101dbb1d

g(x,y)=fx(y)g(x,y) = f_x(y)

Read as: g open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f sub x open parenthesis y close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: g open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f sub x open parenthesis y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-00364439c5956aa3

h(1)=2·h(0)=2,h(2)=2·h(1)=2·2,h(3)=2·h(2)=2·2·2,h(1) & = 2\cdot h(0) = 2,\\ h(2) & = 2\cdot h(1) = 2\cdot 2,\\ h(3) & = 2 \cdot h(2) = 2\cdot 2 \cdot 2,\\ & \vdots

Read as: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two comma next row h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals two times two comma next row h open parenthesis three close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals two times two times two comma next row and so on vertically

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two comma next row h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals two times two comma next row h open parenthesis three close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals two times two times two comma next row and so on vertically. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-00ad65da3dd95c7b

sequenceBound(x,k)\fn{sequenceBound}(x,k)

Read as: the function sequence bound open parenthesis x comma k close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the function sequence bound open parenthesis x comma k close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-00b249a8d9a46a59

g3(x)g_3(x)

Read as: g sub three open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub three open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-00f405007f60a533

h(x)=2xh(x) = 2^x

Read as: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals two superscript x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals two superscript x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-038bc2816a9da1e4

h0(x,0)=f0(x)h1(x,0)=f1(x)h0(x,y+1)=g0(x,y,h0(x,y),h1(x,y))h1(x,y+1)=g1(x,y,h0(x,y),h1(x,y))h_0(\vec x, 0) & = f_0(\vec x) \\ h_1(\vec x, 0) & = f_1(\vec x) \\ h_0(\vec x, y+1) & = g_0(\vec x, y, h_0(\vec x, y), h_1(\vec x, y)) \\ h_1(\vec x, y+1) & = g_1(\vec x, y, h_0(\vec x, y), h_1(\vec x, y))

Read as: h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h sub zero open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma h sub one open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0419464ce26ee408

element(s,i)\fn{element}(s,i)

Read as: the function element open parenthesis s comma i close parenthesis

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the function element open parenthesis s comma i close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-043a718774c572bd

ss

Read as: s

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0525641564d7ee83

IsZero(|xy|)\fn{IsZero}(\left|x - y\right|)

Read as: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis the absolute value of x minus y close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis the absolute value of x minus y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-05ca6c059dde249a

χ¬P(x)\Char{\lnot P}(\vec x)

Read as: the characteristic function of not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-05d2116af8b1c471

P23\Proj{3}{2}

Read as: the three place projection with index two

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the three place projection with index two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-067cc339ff1fde60

h(x0,,xk1,y+1)h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, y+1)

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-06a4f0f2e779f114

φed(ed)\cfind{e_d}(e_d) \fundefined

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis is undefined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis is undefined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-076252f478748bc5

px!p \le \fact{x}

Read as: p is less than or equal to x factorial

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p is less than or equal to x factorial. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-08622f37fb7d4a85

g(x,y,z)=succ(P23(x,y,z)).g(x, y, z) = \Succ(\Proj{3}{2}(x, y, z)).

Read as: g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-08c6aa8d5824f2de

succ\Succ

Read as: the successor function

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the successor function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0904146399813bd8

U(s)U(s)

Read as: U open parenthesis s close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: U open parenthesis s close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-095b358cbc4ad8dd

fif_i

Read as: f sub i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0a4af79d897c3431

max(x,y)=x+(yx).\fn{max}(x,y) \defis x + (y \tsub x).

Read as: the maximum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis is defined as x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the maximum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis is defined as x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0a566b1db5acde7f

g0g_0

Read as: g sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0b52c0cb12adb97f

R(x,z)R(\vec x, z)

Read as: R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0b85d3b66169d1fe

IsZero(x)\fn{IsZero}(x)

Read as: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0bab920452cd75b4

h(x0,,xk1,0)h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, 0)

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0d33326592643dc4

n=2n = 2

Read as: n equals two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: n equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0d8178df168b7b20

x!+1\le \fact{x}+1

Read as: less than or equal to x factorial plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: less than or equal to x factorial plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0e4763978622e187

f1f_1

Read as: f sub one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-0f1b7c672fb64d9e

append(append(append(Λ,s0)),sk).\fn{append}(\fn{append}(\dots \fn{append}(\emptyseq,s_0) \dots),s_k).

Read as: the function append open parenthesis the function append open parenthesis and so on the function append open parenthesis the empty sequence code comma s sub zero close parenthesis and so on close parenthesis comma s sub k close parenthesis

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the function append open parenthesis the function append open parenthesis and so on the function append open parenthesis the empty sequence code comma s sub zero close parenthesis and so on close parenthesis comma s sub k close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-10e6003fed243490

(minz<y)R(x,z),\bmin{z < y}{R(\vec{x}, z)},

Read as: the least z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the least z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-10fc318a34834bdf

sts \concat t

Read as: s concatenated with t

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: s concatenated with t. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1255294d6e0899de

h(x,0)h(\vec x, 0)

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-12622fa5b3240e76

concat(s,t)\fn{concat}(s,t)

Read as: the concatenate function open parenthesis s comma t close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the concatenate function open parenthesis s comma t close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-12c24165ec0a21e2

mR(x,0)=0mR(x,y+1)={mR(x,y)if mR(x,y)yyif mR(x,y)=y and R(x,y)y+1otherwise.m_R(\vec{x}, 0) & = 0\\ m_R(\vec{x}, y+1) & = \begin{cases} m_R(\vec{x}, y) & \text{if $m_R(\vec x, y) \neq y$}\\ y & \text{if $m_R(\vec x, y) = y$ and $R(\vec{x}, y)$}\\ y+1 & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis, if m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is not equal to y; row two: y, if m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis equals y and R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis; row three: y plus one, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis, if m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is not equal to y; row two: y, if m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis equals y and R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis; row three: y plus one, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-12cb5b344dd4a38e

add(x,y)\Add(x,y)

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-130a1d632ea45a2c

|xy|\left|x-y\right|

Read as: the absolute value of x minus y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the absolute value of x minus y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-143122bc4b4cc29e

y>0y > 0

Read as: y is greater than zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y is greater than zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1431b986377b5430

x=2x = 2

Read as: x equals two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-148de9c5a7a44d19

pp

Read as: p

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-151169f9933258d1

m=1m = 1

Read as: m equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: m equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-156f5402c1d0baa8

x+1x+1

Read as: x plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-158d6ecc1df30470

gk(x)g_k(\vec x)

Read as: g sub k open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub k open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-15e892a32e1d61ee

gng_n

Read as: g sub n

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1634b4749c11037a

element(s,i)={0if ilen(s)(mina<s)(pia+2s)otherwise.\fn{element}(s,i) = \begin{cases} 0 & \mbox{if $i \geq \len{s}$} \\ \bmin{a < s}{(p_i^{a+2} \nmid s)} & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

Read as: the function element open parenthesis s comma i close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if i is greater than or equal to the length of s; row two: the least a less than s such that open parenthesis p sub i superscript a plus two does not divide s close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the function element open parenthesis s comma i close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if i is greater than or equal to the length of s; row two: the least a less than s such that open parenthesis p sub i superscript a plus two does not divide s close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-17353f1e3ded0f24

fx(y)f_x(y)

Read as: f sub x open parenthesis y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub x open parenthesis y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1741a20fd8620fe3

f(x)g(x)f(x) \simeq g(x)

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as g open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as g open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-175651834a5356f2

l1l_1

Read as: l sub one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: l sub one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-17acf2e05eea73b7

(z<y)R(x,z)\bexists{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: there exists z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: there exists z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-17b16968e31c63ba

p(0)=2p(x+1)=nextPrime(p(x))p(0) & = 2\\ p(x+1) & = \fn{nextPrime}(p(x))

Read as: p open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two next row p open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals the function next prime open parenthesis p open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: p open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two next row p open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals the function next prime open parenthesis p open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1841916b64ed0232

p(x)p(x)

Read as: p open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1893fffb4ea13da8

add(2,0)=2\Add(2,0) = 2

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis equals two

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-18ac3e7343f01689

dd

Read as: d

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: d. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-19175254495df302

(s)k1(s)_{k-1}

Read as: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-196db4d36f4e7dd2

R(i,s)R(i, s)

Read as: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1a22a13fe4649f4d

¬P(x)\lnot P(\vec x)

Read as: not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1b14da63db175569

h:h\colon \Nat \to \Nat

Read as: h from the natural numbers to the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h from the natural numbers to the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1b16b1df538ba12d

nn

Read as: n

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1c019cc38ea951c7

h(x,0)=f(x)h(x,y+1)=g(x,y,h(x,y))h(\vec x, 0) & = & f(\vec x) \\ h(\vec x, y + 1) & = & g(\vec x, y, h(\vec x, y))

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1c87ccc1cf53a9f9

P(x)Q(x)P(\vec x) \land Q(\vec x)

Read as: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1c9879b76c4da2fb

n\Nat^n

Read as: the n-fold Cartesian power of the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the n-fold Cartesian power of the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1ca70a4e084a739a

f:nf\colon \Nat^n \to \Nat

Read as: f maps the n-fold Cartesian power of the natural numbers to the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f maps the n-fold Cartesian power of the natural numbers to the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1d1d862ac905fb9d

gf(s,k)={Λif k=0,f((s)0)f((s)k1)if k>0.g_f(s,k)=\begin{cases}\emptyseq & \text{if }k=0,\\ f((s)_0)\concat\dots\concat f((s)_{k-1}) & \text{if }k>0.\end{cases}

Read as: g sub f returns the code of the first k sequence values transformed by f, with zero values yielding the empty-sequence code

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: g sub f returns the code of the first k sequence values transformed by f, with zero values yielding the empty-sequence code. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1dbeca42e2c54a76

T(e,x,s)T(e, x, s)

Read as: T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1de68b290bd4632a

|xy|=(xy)+(yx)\left| x-y \right| = (x \tsub y) + (y \tsub x)

Read as: the absolute value of x minus y equals open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the absolute value of x minus y equals open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1e9de57bf29ef2a6

hh'

Read as: h prime

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h prime. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1f206b11c23e28cc

x=1x=1

Read as: x equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-1f97d653b7ed2d2b

n+1n+1

Read as: n plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: n plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-20213f439aa72395

len(s)={0if s=0 or s=11+(mini<s)R(i,s)otherwise\len{s} = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if $s = 0$ or $s = 1$} \\ 1 + \bmin{i < s}{R(i, s)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: the length of s equals cases begin; row one: zero, if s equals zero or s equals one; row two: one plus the least i less than s such that R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the length of s equals cases begin; row one: zero, if s equals zero or s equals one; row two: one plus the least i less than s such that R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-20792d2b94351456

h(x0,x1)=f(P12(x0,x1),P02(x0,x1)).h(x_0, x_1) = f(\Proj{2}{1}(x_0, x_1),\Proj{2}{0}(x_0, x_1)).

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-20d3379dffa08348

xymodnx \equiv y \mod n

Read as: x is congruent to y modulo n

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x is congruent to y modulo n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-215710a0ef11a250

φy(y)\cfind{y}(y) \fdefined

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub y open parenthesis y close parenthesis is defined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub y open parenthesis y close parenthesis is defined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-217331b710731876

f(x0)=1f(x_0) = 1

Read as: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-223a8b94b371dfab

pk1p_{k-1}

Read as: p sub k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2247a4a374fd1ebe

h(x)=g(x,x)+1=fx(x)+1.h(x) & = & g(x,x) + 1 \\ & = & f_x(x) +1.

Read as: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma x close parenthesis plus one next row equals f sub x open parenthesis x close parenthesis plus one

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma x close parenthesis plus one next row equals f sub x open parenthesis x close parenthesis plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-22a8f59b46b3dd3d

xyx \ge y

Read as: x is greater than or equal to y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x is greater than or equal to y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-238c8e56b56be6ef

(z<y)R(x,z)\bforall{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: for every z less than y, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: for every z less than y, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-252f10c83610ebca

ff

Read as: f

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-259072e6c653cc56

f(x)f(x)

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-25976bbb4ee521e3

h(s)=gISubtrees(s,len(s))h(s) = g_{\fn{ISubtrees}}(s, \len{s})

Read as: h open parenthesis s close parenthesis equals g sub the function immediate subtrees open parenthesis s comma the length of s close parenthesis

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: h open parenthesis s close parenthesis equals g sub the function immediate subtrees open parenthesis s comma the length of s close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-26b1545c8762f573

χIsZero(0)=1,χIsZero(x+1)=0.\Char{\fn{IsZero}}(0) & = 1,\\ \Char{\fn{IsZero}}(x+1) & = 0.

Read as: the characteristic function of the zero-test predicate open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one comma next row the characteristic function of the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of the zero-test predicate open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one comma next row the characteristic function of the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-27ac1d6f9a948981

pxp_x

Read as: p sub x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2874121c6701e126

d(ed)d(e_d)

Read as: d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-28a8dfe72ff8c45f

P02\Proj{2}{0}

Read as: the two place projection with index zero

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the two place projection with index zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2ac06f7d9f5bec32

g(x0,y,z)g(x_0, y, z)

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2be7aa126eb30a02

subseq(s,i,n)\fn{subseq}(s, i, n)

Read as: subseq of s, i, and n

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: subseq of s, i, and n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2cf31e1fd0dda933

Prime(x)x2(yx)(yxy=1y=x)\fn{Prime}(x) \defiff x \geq 2 \land \bforall{y \leq x}{(y \mid x \lif y = 1 \lor y = x)}

Read as: the primality predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined exactly when x is greater than or equal to two and for every y less than or equal to x, open parenthesis y divides x implies y equals one or y equals x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the primality predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined exactly when x is greater than or equal to two and for every y less than or equal to x, open parenthesis y divides x implies y equals one or y equals x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2d711642b726b044

xx

Read as: x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2e4ffc307aff38dc

g0(x0)g_0(x_0)

Read as: g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2e604bf4f935f434

G(x)=gx(x)G(x) = g_x(x)

Read as: G open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals g sub x open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: G open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals g sub x open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-2ed52d51edc5e0ab

h(x)h(x)

Read as: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-304c6693e2e2e163

f(x)f(\vec x)

Read as: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-30502f423dbe9c3e

yx=0y \tsub x = 0

Read as: y truncated minus x equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y truncated minus x equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3078a09641b0267f

x0x_0

Read as: x sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-308fda5bda779517

fxf_x

Read as: f sub x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-31116f778b485d26

mR(x,0)m_R(\vec x, 0)

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-314b62cde7182298

φed(ed)\cfind{e_d}(e_d) \fdefined

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis is defined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d open parenthesis e sub d close parenthesis is defined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-31995b8f7c5225c9

add(x0,0)=f(x0)=x0add(x0,y+1)=g(x0,y,add(x0,y))=succ(add(x0,y))\Add(x_0, 0) & = f(x_0) = x_0\\ \Add(x_0, y+1) & = g(x_0, y, \Add(x_0, y)) = \Succ(\Add(x_0, y))

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero next row the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero next row the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3206e909c0a3e4ba

0,l\tuple{0,l}

Read as: the code of the two-entry sequence zero, l

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the code of the two-entry sequence zero, l. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-327e88b1ea78f2fd

succ(z)=z+1\Succ(z) = z+1

Read as: applied to z equals z plus one

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: applied to z equals z plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-333e0a1e27815d0c

GG

Read as: G

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: G. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3364140985aee02f

h(x+1)h(x+1)

Read as: h open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-33ea9e6b1b108a22

χP(x)·χQ(x)\Char{P}(\vec x) \cdot \Char{Q}(\vec x)

Read as: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis times the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis times the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-346cf456a77b1ce5

pnp_n

Read as: p sub n

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-34c14001ab1c2005

k=0k=0

Read as: k equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: k equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3543fe426014be71

mult(x,y)\Mult(x,y)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-359492d1aa9966c8

R(i,s) iff pispi+1s.R(i, s) \text{ iff } p_i \mid s \land p_{i+1} \nmid s.

Read as: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis if and only if p sub i divides s and p sub i plus one does not divide s

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis if and only if p sub i divides s and p sub i plus one does not divide s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3650daa721307966

gf(s,0)=Λgf(s,k+1)=gf(s,k)f((s)k)g_f(s,0)=\emptyseq \\ g_f(s,k+1)=g_f(s,k)\concat f((s)_k)

Read as: g sub f of s and zero equals the empty-sequence code; and g sub f of s and k plus one equals g sub f of s and k concatenated with f of the k-th entry of s

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: g sub f of s and zero equals the empty-sequence code; and g sub f of s and k plus one equals g sub f of s and k concatenated with f of the k-th entry of s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-36613f93d5f91b7d

h(x)=f(g(x))h(x) = f(g(x))

Read as: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-367264cfdb704d7a

pred(x,0)=zero(x)=0,pred(x,y+1)=P13(x,y,pred(x,y))=y.\fn{pred}'(x, 0) & = \Zero(x) = 0,\\ \fn{pred}'(x, y+1) & = \Proj{3}{1}(x, y, \fn{pred'}(x, y)) = y.

Read as: the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals zero comma next row the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the three place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y comma the function pred prime open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals y

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals zero comma next row the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the three place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y comma the function pred prime open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-36840676dffa30a4

R(x,z)R(x,\vec z)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-36c99c0bb63416fc

gig_i

Read as: g sub i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-380918b946a52664

==

Read as: equals

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: equals. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-38bcea832ba5496b

h(x,y)=z=0yf(x,z).h(\vec x, y) \defis \prod_{z = 0}^y f(\vec x, z).

Read as: h of vector x and y is defined as the product, from z equals zero through y, of f of vector x and z

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h of vector x and y is defined as the product, from z equals zero through y, of f of vector x and z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3978289f4037c489

d(y)d(y) \fdefined

Read as: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis is defined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis is defined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3a1ee4a84807a810

append(s,a)\fn{append}(s,a)

Read as: append of s and a

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: append of s and a. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3a1fe9e699b7b5f4

nextPrime(x)\fn{nextPrime}(x)

Read as: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3a374a50eda6d8c8

hSubtreeSeq(t,0)=thSubtreeSeq(t,n+1)=hSubtreeSeq(t,n)h(hSubtreeSeq(t,n)).\fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t, 0) & = \tuple{t} \\ \fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t, n+1) & = \fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t, n) \concat h(\fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t, n)).

Read as: the height-subtree-sequence function of t and zero equals the code of the one-entry sequence t; at n plus one it equals the preceding coded sequence concatenated with the coded sequence returned by h

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the height-subtree-sequence function of t and zero equals the code of the one-entry sequence t; at n plus one it equals the preceding coded sequence concatenated with the coded sequence returned by h. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3a375b2c74e350fb

d(y)d(y) \fundefined

Read as: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis is undefined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis is undefined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3a488f515ac10699

h(x,0)=f(x)h(x,y+1)=g(x,y,h(k(x),y))h(\vec x, 0) & = f(\vec x) \\ h(\vec x, y+1) & = g(\vec x, y, h(k(\vec x), y))

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h open parenthesis k open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: This is the changing-parameters recursion scheme. The recursive call passes k of vector x as the next side-parameter input. The source does not specify whether that value is scalar or tuple-coded, so the reader preserves the displayed notation without adding a shape claim.

Equation form expr-3b4a67bf78b2061e

const2(x)\fn{const}_2(x)

Read as: the constant-two function applied to x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the constant-two function applied to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3bdc55e2c2a897b2

f(x)U(μsT(e,x,s))f(x) \simeq U(\umin{s}{T(e, x, s)})

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as U open parenthesis the least s such that T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as U open parenthesis the least s such that T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3bfa341bc0271c4a

φy(y)\cfind{y}(y) \fundefined

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub y open parenthesis y close parenthesis is undefined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub y open parenthesis y close parenthesis is undefined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3d2b86c8d04ffb33

append(s,a)={2a+1if s=0 or s=1s·plen(s)a+1otherwise.\fn{append}(s,a) = \begin{cases} 2^{a+1} & \text{if $s = 0$ or $s = 1$} \\ s \cdot p_{\len{s}}^{a+1} & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

Read as: the function append open parenthesis s comma a close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: two superscript a plus one, if s equals zero or s equals one; row two: s times p sub the length of s superscript a plus one, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the function append open parenthesis s comma a close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: two superscript a plus one, if s equals zero or s equals one; row two: s times p sub the length of s superscript a plus one, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3dac54dbafb34c1d

k,d1,,dk\tuple{k, d_1, \dots, d_k}

Read as: the code of the sequence whose first entry is k and whose remaining entries are the immediate-subtree codes d sub one through d sub k

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the code of the sequence whose first entry is k and whose remaining entries are the immediate-subtree codes d sub one through d sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3e62f055a251be10

exp\fn{exp}

Read as: the exponentiation function

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the exponentiation function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3e897855985e8b9b

Compk,n[F,G0,,Gk1]\fn{Comp}_{k,n}[F,G_0,\dots,G_{k-1}]

Read as: the composition operator with k inner functions and n inputs, applied to F, G sub zero, through G sub k minus one

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the composition operator with k inner functions and n inputs, applied to F, G sub zero, through G sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3f79bb7b435b0532

ee

Read as: e

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: e. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-3fabf135074b7b16

g(x0,y,z)=z+1g(x_0, y, z) = z + 1

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals z plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals z plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-40fc8d77c687fe2d

h(g0(x),,gk(x))h(g_0(\vec x),\dots,g_k(\vec x))

Read as: h open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4124c64d4022edfc

sconcat(s0,,sk)=s0sk.\fn{sconcat}(\tuple{s_0, \dots, s_k}) = s_0 \concat \dots \concat s_k.

Read as: the sequence-concatenate function applied to the code of the sequence s sub zero through s sub k equals s sub zero concatenated through s sub k

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the sequence-concatenate function applied to the code of the sequence s sub zero through s sub k equals s sub zero concatenated through s sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-412e442e7b659467

add(2,3)\Add(2,3)

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-419c54f0f0586afd

yxy \nmid x

Read as: y does not divide x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y does not divide x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4281249074e07c99

Q(x)Q(\vec x)

Read as: Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-42b0225751bf4a04

xyx \tsub y

Read as: x truncated minus y

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x truncated minus y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-42cb82a7a1a7890a

g(x0,y,z)=succ(z).g(x_0, y, z) = \Succ(z).

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-42d29d9d2a195573

l(x,y)=g(P02(x,y),P02(x,y),P12(x,y)),l(x,y) = g(\Proj{2}{0}(x,y),\Proj{2}{0}(x,y),\Proj{2}{1}(x,y)),

Read as: l open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: l open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4443576302eb4cf1

exp(x,y)=xy\fn{exp}(x, y) = x^y

Read as: applied to x and y equals x to the power y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: applied to x and y equals x to the power y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4454461bf5348bb9

(z<0)R(x,z)\bexists{z < 0}{R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: there exists z less than zero such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: there exists z less than zero such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4569dc409f0ddf21

mult(2,3)\Mult(2,3)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-45c75507f7a8bad6

min(x,y)\fn{min}(x,y)

Read as: the minimum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the minimum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4733f05694df9788

zyz \le y

Read as: z is less than or equal to y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: z is less than or equal to y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-480dfc2600de3c0a

mult(2,2)\Mult(2,2)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-48fe546d733e9534

mR(x,0)=0m_R(\vec x, 0) = 0

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-49db45fb1a3f8106

φe(x)f(x)\cfind{e}(x) \simeq f(x)

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as f open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as f open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4a27b0062516f89c

R(x,y1)R(x, y-1)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma y minus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma y minus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4a422e3fcbd0db21

gn(x)g^n(x)

Read as: the n-fold iterate of g, evaluated at x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the n-fold iterate of g, evaluated at x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4a73096daa3399ce

i+1i+1

Read as: i plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: i plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4aaf63602f7fc3f2

add(x,y)=x+y\Add(x,y) = x+y

Read as: applied to x and y equals x plus y

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: applied to x and y equals x plus y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4b183d86304ee69b

2,7,3,0,0\langle 2, 7, 3, 0, 0 \rangle

Read as: the five-entry tuple two, seven, three, zero, zero

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the five-entry tuple two, seven, three, zero, zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4ba54a6a818f6522

y+1y+1

Read as: y plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: y plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4bd8ce42d5f1e9a3

mR(x,y+1)=ym_R(\vec{x}, y+1) = y

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4c26f56e5ef1fafa

Reck[F,G]\fn{Rec}_k[F,G]

Read as: the k-place recursion operator applied to F and G

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the k-place recursion operator applied to F and G. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4cdf4e1946b887c2

h(x0,,xn1)=f(g0(x0,,xn1),,gk1(x0,,xn1))h(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}) = f(g_0(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}), \dots, g_{k-1}(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}))

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k minus one open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k minus one open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4dc4e01def696af8

Pin\Proj{n}{i}

Read as: the n place projection with index i

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the n place projection with index i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4ddd6f419b334e54

f(x)f(x) \fdefined

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4e07408562bedb8b

33

Read as: three

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4e5347e07e38c76e

k=2k=2

Read as: k equals two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: k equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4fb6819c3daab3e6

2x·x2^x \cdot x

Read as: two superscript x times x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: two superscript x times x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4fc82b26aecb47d2

1111

Read as: eleven

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: eleven. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-4fd0ce6d4813340f

SubtreeSeq(t)\fn{SubtreeSeq}(t)

Read as: subtree sequence of t

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: subtree sequence of t. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-500259889cffd163

χP(x,y)\Char{P}(\vec x, y)

Read as: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-50dfb0911bb1dfff

xy(zy)(x·z)=y.x \mid y \defiff \bexists{z \leq y}{(x \cdot z) = y}.

Read as: x divides y is defined exactly when there exists z less than or equal to y such that open parenthesis x times z close parenthesis equals y

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: x divides y is defined exactly when there exists z less than or equal to y such that open parenthesis x times z close parenthesis equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-50e62753e571d66c

max\fn{max}

Read as: the maximum function

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the maximum function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5120a35e3ac4dee8

concat(a0,,ak,b0,,bl)=a0,,ak,b0,,bl.\fn{concat}(\tuple{a_0, \dots, a_k}, \tuple{b_0, \dots, b_l}) = \tuple{a_0, \dots, a_k, b_0, \dots, b_l}.

Read as: concatenating the code of sequence a sub zero through a sub k with the code of sequence b sub zero through b sub l yields the code of the combined sequence

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: concatenating the code of sequence a sub zero through a sub k with the code of sequence b sub zero through b sub l yields the code of the combined sequence. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-51af7ceb518b1b82

R(x,z)R(x, z)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-51afe980e791613d

(x<y+1)x\bexists{x < y+1}{\dots x \dots}

Read as: there exists x less than y plus one such that the displayed surrounding condition holds at x

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: there exists x less than y plus one such that the displayed surrounding condition holds at x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-53b42c0095c19854

add(x,y+1)\Add(x,y+1)

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-549f5465eaa5cf11

add(2,2)=3+1=4\Add(2, 2) = 3 + 1 = 4

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals three plus one equals four

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals three plus one equals four. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-55b4ecee7498e559

h(e,n)={1if computation e halts on input n0otherwise,h(e, n) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if computation $e$ halts on input $n$}\\ 0 & \text{otherwise,} \end{cases}

Read as: h open parenthesis e comma n close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if computation e halts on input n; row two: zero, otherwise comma; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis e comma n close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if computation e halts on input n; row two: zero, otherwise comma; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-56c840afa529f071

h(ed,ed)=0h(e_d, e_d) = 0

Read as: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-570e2f6841c723e6

f(y0,y1)f(y_0,y_1)

Read as: f open parenthesis y sub zero comma y sub one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis y sub zero comma y sub one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-575d86b85365c7b4

G0G_0

Read as: G sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: G sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-594e519ae499312b

zz

Read as: z

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5959d6d76c6e4a85

g1(x0)g_1(x_0)

Read as: g sub one open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub one open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-59664c8716127f12

k+2k+2

Read as: k plus two

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: k plus two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-596cfa458d470596

exp(x,0)=1exp(x,y+1)=mult(x,exp(x,y)).Strictly speaking, this is not a recursive definition from primitive recursive functions. Officially, though, we have:exp(x,0)=f(x)exp(x,y+1)=g(x,y,exp(x,y)).wheref(x)=succ(zero(x))=1g(x,y,z)=mult(P03(x,y,z),P23(x,y,z))=x·z\fn{exp}(x, 0) & = 1\\ \fn{exp}(x, y+1) & = \Mult(x, \fn{exp}(x,y)). \intertext{Strictly speaking, this is not a recursive definition from primitive recursive functions. Officially, though, we have:} \fn{exp}(x, 0) & = f(x)\\ \fn{exp}(x, y+1) & = g(x, y, \fn{exp}(x,y)). \intertext{where} f(x) & = \Succ(\Zero(x)) = 1\\ g(x, y, z) & = \Mult(\Proj{3}{0}(x, y, z), \Proj{3}{2}(x, y, z)) = x \cdot z

Read as: the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals one next row the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis Strictly speaking comma this is not a recursive definition from primitive recursive functions Officially comma though comma we have the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x close parenthesis next row the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma y comma the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis where f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis equals one next row g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the three place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis comma the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis equals x times z

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals one next row the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis Strictly speaking comma this is not a recursive definition from primitive recursive functions Officially comma though comma we have the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x close parenthesis next row the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma y comma the exponentiation function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis where f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis equals one next row g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the three place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis comma the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis equals x times z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5abe9172ea8287b1

p(1)=3p(1) = 3

Read as: p open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals three

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5b23e599d3ec3b36

hSubtreeSeq\fn{hSubtreeSeq}

Read as: the height-subtree-sequence function

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the height-subtree-sequence function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5c2bbfb80bdbbc6e

r(x,y)r(x,y)

Read as: r open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: r open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5c62e091b8c0565f

PP

Read as: P

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: P. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5cb73b049d09fef0

h(x0,,xk1,y)h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, y)

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5ccb84c570fcf376

x\vec x

Read as: vector x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: vector x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5d42a3e20328f891

f(x0)=x0f(x_0) = x_0

Read as: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5d88fe8893a198e6

>0> 0

Read as: greater than zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: greater than zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5ead97aab6f88888

Prime(x)\fn{Prime}(x)

Read as: the primality predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the primality predicate open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5fe6dc6b2281b3d2

zero\Zero

Read as: the constant zero function

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the constant zero function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-5feceb66ffc86f38

00

Read as: zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6061b6960ac8a2eb

hconcat(s,t,0)=shconcat(s,t,n+1)=append(hconcat(s,t,n),(t)n)Then we can define concat byconcat(s,t)=hconcat(s,t,len(t)).\fn{hconcat}(s,t,0) & = s\\ \fn{hconcat}(s,t,n+1) & = \fn{append}(\fn{hconcat}(s,t,n),(t)_n) \intertext{Then we can define $\fn{concat}$ by} \fn{concat}(s,t) & = \fn{hconcat}(s,t,\len{t}).

Read as: the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma zero close parenthesis equals s next row the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n plus one close parenthesis equals the function append open parenthesis the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n close parenthesis comma open parenthesis t close parenthesis sub n close parenthesis Then we can define the concatenate function by the concatenate function open parenthesis s comma t close parenthesis equals the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma the length of t close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma zero close parenthesis equals s next row the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n plus one close parenthesis equals the function append open parenthesis the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n close parenthesis comma open parenthesis t close parenthesis sub n close parenthesis Then we can define the concatenate function by the concatenate function open parenthesis s comma t close parenthesis equals the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma the length of t close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-612990c5c626fdc9

#(0)=0#(S)=1#(Pin)=2,n,i#(Compk,l[H,G0,,Gk1])=3,k,l,#(H),#(G0),,#(Gk1)#(Recl[G,H])=4,l,#(G),#(H)\#(0) & = & \langle 0 \rangle \\ \#(S) & = & \langle 1 \rangle \\ \#(\Proj{n}{i}) & = & \langle 2, n, i \rangle \\ \#(\fn{Comp}_{k,l}[H,G_0,\dots,G_{k-1}]) & = & \langle 3,k,l,\#(H),\#(G_0),\dots,\#(G_{k-1}) \rangle \\ \#(\fn{Rec}_l[G,H]) & = & \langle 4, l, \#(G), \#(H) \rangle

Read as: coding equations, in source order: the code of zero is the one-entry tuple zero; the code of successor is the one-entry tuple one; the code of the n-place projection with index i is the tuple two, n, i; the code of composition with k inner functions and l inputs is the tuple beginning three, k, l, followed by the codes of H and of G sub zero through G sub k minus one; and the code of l-place recursion from G and H is the tuple four, l, the code of G, the code of H

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: coding equations, in source order: the code of zero is the one-entry tuple zero; the code of successor is the one-entry tuple one; the code of the n-place projection with index i is the tuple two, n, i; the code of composition with k inner functions and l inputs is the tuple beginning three, k, l, followed by the codes of H and of G sub zero through G sub k minus one; and the code of l-place recursion from G and H is the tuple four, l, the code of G, the code of H. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-61524c3ccaa0dea9

χ¬P(x)={0if χP(x)=11otherwise\Char{\lnot P}(\vec x) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if $\Char{P}(\vec x) = 1$}\\ 1 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: the characteristic function of not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one; row two: one, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of not P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one; row two: one, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6158f77c3833268f

pip_i

Read as: p sub i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-61d2d6985fbd6781

Pin(x0,,xn1)=xi\Proj{n}{i}(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}) = x_i

Read as: the n place projection with index i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals x sub i

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the n place projection with index i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals x sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-61f0cb69c9e8e1d3

dkd_k

Read as: d sub k

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: d sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6286bb29e3d8c824

pixp_i \le x

Read as: p sub i is less than or equal to x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub i is less than or equal to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-62c66a7a5dd70c31

mm

Read as: m

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-63e6d97172cc88a5

μx;R(x,z)\mu x \; R(x,\vec z)

Read as: the least x such that R open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: the least x such that R open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6411abc35515ce88

φe(x)U(μs;T(e,x,s))\cfind{e}(x) \simeq U(\mu s \; T(e, x, s))

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as U open parenthesis the least s such that T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis has the same definedness and value as U open parenthesis the least s such that T open parenthesis e comma x comma s close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-644f0340595a771d

h(x0,,xn1)=f(g0(x0,,xn1),,gk1(x0,,xn1)).h(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}) = f(g_0(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}), \dots, g_{k-1}(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1})).

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k minus one open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis g sub zero open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis comma and so on comma g sub k minus one open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6471c9ed0d4ec520

f(0,z),f(1,z),,f(x,z)f(0,\vec z), f(1,\vec z), \dots, f(x,\vec z)

Read as: f open parenthesis zero comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis one comma vector z close parenthesis comma and so on comma f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis zero comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis one comma vector z close parenthesis comma and so on comma f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-648c9482f974bd13

h(x)=add(x,x)h(x) = \Add(x, x)

Read as: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x comma x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: h open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x comma x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6495ba8709ca4c05

f(z)=succ(zero(z))f(z) = \Succ(\Zero(z))

Read as: f open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: f open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-65fdd75ff6b59995

pip+1p_i \nmid p+1

Read as: p sub i does not divide p plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub i does not divide p plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6669250149368b78

mR(x,y)m_R(\vec{x}, y)

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-66c5e34270e1daf7

g(x0,y,z)=succ(P23(x0,y,z))g(x_0, y, z) = \Succ(\Proj{3}{2}(x_0, y, z))

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6784f03e13056c8a

y+1y + 1

Read as: y plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: y plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-67aa902e375d4f8b

P(x,y)(z<y)R(x,z)P(\vec x, y) \defiff \bforall{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is defined exactly when for every z less than y, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is defined exactly when for every z less than y, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-67b4a7bdc829adf1

P(x)Q(x)P(\vec x) \lor Q(\vec x)

Read as: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis or Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis or Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-692dc9a1552174fa

xx \in \Nat

Read as: x is in the natural numbers

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x is in the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6962c50750001b7f

p1=3p_1=3

Read as: p sub one equals three

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub one equals three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-696bb1f61825d9d0

Rm1(x)R_{m-1}(\vec x)

Read as: R sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-698cd4222a287d75

SiS_i

Read as: S sub i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: S sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-69f39223632549c8

h(x0,,xk1,0)=f(x0,,xk1)h(x0,,xk1,y+1)=g(x0,,xk1,y,h(x0,,xk1,y))h(x_0,\dots,x_{k-1},0) & = f(x_0,\dots,x_{k-1}) \\ h(x_0,\dots,x_{k-1},y+1) & = g(x_0,\dots,x_{k-1}, y, h(x_0,\dots,x_{k-1}, y))

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y comma h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y comma h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6a48418a64fd666c

h(ed,ed)=1h(e_d, e_d) = 1

Read as: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6b7fc046b34c5afb

xy={0if x<yxyotherwisex \tsub y = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if $x < y$}\\ x-y & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: x truncated minus y equals cases begin; row one: zero, if x is less than y; row two: x minus y, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: x truncated minus y equals cases begin; row one: zero, if x is less than y; row two: x minus y, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6b86b273ff34fce1

11

Read as: one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6b881f36ea9d7e75

nextPrime(x)=(minyx!+1)(y>xPrime(y)).\fn{nextPrime}(x) = \bmin{y \leq \fact{x}+1}{(y > x \land \fn{Prime}(y))}.

Read as: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the least y less than or equal to x factorial plus one such that open parenthesis y is greater than x and the primality predicate open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the least y less than or equal to x factorial plus one such that open parenthesis y is greater than x and the primality predicate open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6bab81b22118df78

χR(x)=1\Char{R}(\vec x) = 1

Read as: the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6bc75720af9b6f3b

h(e,x)=0h(e, x) = 0

Read as: h open parenthesis e comma x close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis e comma x close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6d178a3ce74e984f

R(x,y)R(\vec{x}, y)

Read as: R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6db4fd387e47e209

pred(0)=0 andpred(y+1)=y.\fn{pred}(0) & = 0 \text{ and}\\ \fn{pred}(y+1) & = y.

Read as: the predecessor function open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals zero and next row the predecessor function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals y

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the predecessor function open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals zero and next row the predecessor function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6eeeedda664b846e

(k+1)(k+1)

Read as: k plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: k plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-6fdf6ffa6e221abc

i=ki = k

Read as: i equals k

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: i equals k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-70ae369529f710ea

r(x,0)=0r(x,0) = 0

Read as: r open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: r open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-70c99f9414ddaf50

constn(x)=n\fn{const}_n(x) = n

Read as: const sub n of x equals n

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: const sub n of x equals n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-72d1fe772549df11

Pin\Proj{n}{i}

Read as: P superscript n sub i

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: P superscript n sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7348e247f28a28c7

f0,f1,f_0,f_1,\dots

Read as: f sub zero comma f sub one comma and so on

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub zero comma f sub one comma and so on. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-73e8b28c2b36adf8

p(0)=2p(0) = 2

Read as: p open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7471edf760a11d0b

P01\Proj{1}{0}

Read as: the one place projection with index zero

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the one place projection with index zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-75c88e4446b4c231

(s)i(s)_i

Read as: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-76a11c131097cc8f

g0(x)g_0(\vec x)

Read as: g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7731c7052b278ab5

h(x,1)h(\vec x, 1)

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-773ba08a905e1f03

x·z=yx \cdot z = y

Read as: x times z equals y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x times z equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7809ef9964aafac8

xyx \leq y

Read as: x is less than or equal to y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x is less than or equal to y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-785bbea9a2e3c724

ede_d

Read as: e sub d

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: e sub d. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7879e6ffd79c577c

g0(x)=x+1gn+1(x)=gnx(x)g_0(x) & = & x+1 \\ g_{n + 1}(x) & = & g_n^x(x)

Read as: g sub zero open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals x plus one next row g sub n plus one open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals g sub n superscript x open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: The two-row recursive definition sets g sub zero at x equal to x plus one, and sets g sub n plus one at x equal to the x-fold iterate of g sub n evaluated at x.

Equation form expr-7902699be42c8a8e

77

Read as: seven

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: seven. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-794d66ff4ebd363e

x=0x=0

Read as: x equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-79d4c7f9c8579543

\Nat

Read as: the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7a3369f7710c1b8d

z<0z < 0

Read as: z is less than zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: z is less than zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7af3433babb00679

R(x)R(\vec x)

Read as: R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7b8ba390a71f512b

zero(x)=0\Zero(x) = 0

Read as: Zero of x equals zero

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: Zero of x equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7c35c5a1785d2070

k1k-1

Read as: k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7c54527fdada89e4

pred(y)={0if y=0y1otherwise\fn{pred}(y) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if $y=0$}\\ y-1 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: the predecessor function open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if y equals zero; row two: y minus one, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the predecessor function open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: zero, if y equals zero; row two: y minus one, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7df5d15034517447

pred(y+1)\fn{pred}(y+1)

Read as: the predecessor function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the predecessor function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7f43b8fe74a47b59

Λ\emptyseq

Read as: the empty sequence code

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the empty sequence code. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-7f47a818a507b08d

ee \in \Nat

Read as: e is in the natural numbers

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: e is in the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-80ea33767c851351

g(x,y)=z=0yf(x,z).g(\vec x, y) \defis \sum_{z = 0}^y f(\vec x, z).

Read as: g of vector x and y is defined as the sum, from z equals zero through y, of f of vector x and z

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: g of vector x and y is defined as the sum, from z equals zero through y, of f of vector x and z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-81a5c46a5de68012

mR(x,y+1)=y+1m_R(\vec{x}, y+1) = y+1

Read as: m sub R of vector x and y plus one equals y plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: m sub R of vector x and y plus one equals y plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-81c3b50d0de42ffc

P(x)Q(x)P(\vec x) \lif Q(\vec x)

Read as: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis implies Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis implies Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8254c329a92850f6

kk

Read as: k

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-82d2d4a0ab550b46

R(x,z)R(x,z)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8385116703b3fad7

h(0)=1h(x+1)=2·h(x)h(0) & = 1\\ h(x+1) & = 2 \cdot h(x)

Read as: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row h open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row h open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-838c9d5992ee25fd

yx=yxy \tsub x = y - x

Read as: y truncated minus x equals y minus x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y truncated minus x equals y minus x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-839af1f5a31a76e3

h(x0,,xk1,0)=f(x0,,xk1)h(x0,,xk1,y+1)=g(x0,,xk1,y,h(x0,,xk1,y))h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, 0) & = f(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1})\\ h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, y+1) & = g(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, y, h(x_0, \dots, x_{k-1}, y))

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y comma h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y comma h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub k minus one comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8429f6938e150109

id(x)=x\fn{id}(x) = x

Read as: applied to x equals x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: applied to x equals x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-84424f7a24d2a950

x0=xx(y+1)=pred(xy)x \tsub 0 & = x\\ x \tsub (y+1) & = \fn{pred}(x \tsub y)

Read as: x truncated minus zero equals x next row x truncated minus open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals the predecessor function open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: x truncated minus zero equals x next row x truncated minus open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals the predecessor function open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-866007381d5c48a8

d1d_1

Read as: d sub one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: d sub one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-86aad91554a7b587

Gk1G_{k-1}

Read as: G sub k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: G sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-86b127802106e784

g(g(g(x)))g(g(\dots g(x)))

Read as: g open parenthesis g open parenthesis and so on g open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g open parenthesis g open parenthesis and so on g open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-86ed9d8929b7e282

cond(x,y,z)\fn{cond}(x,y,z)

Read as: cond of x, y, and z

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: cond of x, y, and z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-86eee16f1f1eaa29

μxxx\umin{x}{x \neq x}

Read as: the least x such that x is not equal to x

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: the least x such that x is not equal to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8815c24f3342dceb

h(x,y)={g(x,y,h(x,k(x,y)))if k(x,y)<yf(x)otherwiseh(\vec x, y) & = \begin{cases} g(\vec x, y, h(\vec x, k(\vec x, y))) & \text{if $k(\vec x, y) < y$} \\ f(\vec x) & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: g open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h open parenthesis vector x comma k open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis, if k open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is less than y; row two: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: g open parenthesis vector x comma y comma h open parenthesis vector x comma k open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis, if k open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is less than y; row two: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-883b324e432edae4

χP\Char{P}

Read as: chi sub P

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: chi sub P. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-88a51162b7219690

(s)0(s)_0

Read as: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: open parenthesis s close parenthesis sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-88b04d3080ebcab7

(a0,,ak)=a0,,ak\tuple{}(a_0, \dots, a_k) = \tuple{a_0, \dots, a_k}

Read as: from a sub zero through a sub k to the natural-number code of that sequence

Means: The empty-tuple glyph is used here as the source's name for the tuple-coding map; applying it to the listed entries yields the natural-number code of that tuple.

Equation form expr-8951af8642d04083

pisp_i \mid s

Read as: p sub i divides s

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub i divides s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8982bca6d544bc0c

d(x,y)d(x, y)

Read as: d open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: d open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-89859566ae631bdd

mult(2,0)=0mult(2,1)=mult(2,0+1)=add(mult(2,0),2)=add(0,2)=2mult(2,2)=mult(2,1+1)=add(mult(2,1),2)=add(2,2)=4mult(2,3)=mult(2,2+1)=add(mult(2,2),2)=add(4,2)=6\Mult(2,0) & = 0\\ \Mult(2,1) & = \Mult(2,0+1) = \Add(\Mult(2,0), 2) = \Add(0, 2) = 2\\ \Mult(2,2) & = \Mult(2,1+1) = \Add(\Mult(2,1), 2) = \Add(2, 2) = 4\\ \Mult(2,3) & = \Mult(2,2+1) = \Add(\Mult(2,2), 2) = \Add(4, 2) = 6

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis zero comma two close parenthesis equals two next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals four next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis four comma two close parenthesis equals six

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis zero comma two close parenthesis equals two next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis equals four next row the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma two close parenthesis comma two close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis four comma two close parenthesis equals six. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8ac3b91bd5510f4f

χP(x,0)=1χP(x,y+1)=min(χP(x,y),χR(x,y)).\Char{P}(\vec x, 0) & = 1\\ \Char{P}(\vec x, y+1) & = \fn{min}(\Char{P}(\vec x, y), \Char{R}(\vec x, y)).

Read as: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals one next row the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the minimum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals one next row the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the minimum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8c2574892063f995

RR

Read as: R

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8ce37d0b21a90209

R(x,z)R(\vec{x}, z)

Read as: R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8cf9f0ef3fca196b

Si+1S_{i+1}

Read as: S sub i plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: S sub i plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8dc6f75010fead63

min(χP(x),χQ(x))\fn{min}(\Char{P}(\vec x), \Char{Q}(\vec x))

Read as: the minimum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the minimum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8e35c2cd3bf6641b

qq

Read as: q

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: q. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8eaed08a534580c6

qp+1q \mid p+1

Read as: q divides p plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: q divides p plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8efdfa96eef0dc09

add(x,y)\Add(x, y)

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-8f70a77bd6291ef5

mRm_R

Read as: m sub R

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m sub R. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-90e35b98b5809a14

cond(x,y,z)={yif x=0zotherwise.This is defined recursively bycond(0,y,z)=y,cond(x+1,y,z)=z.\fn{cond}(x,y,z) & = \begin{cases} y & \text{if $x = 0$} \\ z & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases} \intertext{This is defined recursively by} \fn{cond}(0,y,z) & = y,\\ \fn{cond}(x+1,y,z) & = z.

Read as: the conditional function open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: y, if x equals zero; row two: z, otherwise; cases end This is defined recursively by the conditional function open parenthesis zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals y comma next row the conditional function open parenthesis x plus one comma y comma z close parenthesis equals z

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the conditional function open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: y, if x equals zero; row two: z, otherwise; cases end This is defined recursively by the conditional function open parenthesis zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals y comma next row the conditional function open parenthesis x plus one comma y comma z close parenthesis equals z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-919dbf7fb26c9783

f(x0)=succ(zero(x0))f(x_0) = \Succ(\Zero(x_0))

Read as: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-91a8946193fdf882

2,7,3\langle 2, 7, 3\rangle

Read as: the three-entry tuple two, seven, three

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the three-entry tuple two, seven, three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-91d4137d9a3d2145

q<p+1q < p+1

Read as: q is less than p plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: q is less than p plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-92cea14920147b76

Comp1,3[succ,P23]\fn{Comp}_{1,3}[\Succ,\Proj{3}{2}]

Read as: the composition operator with one inner function and three inputs, applied to the successor function and the three-place projection with index two

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the composition operator with one inner function and three inputs, applied to the successor function and the three-place projection with index two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-932414051cf3c7a0

h(1)=h(0+1)h(1) = h(0+1)

Read as: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis zero plus one close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis zero plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-93777d281a5d3240

R(i,s)R(i,s)

Read as: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis i comma s close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-93deebf22eb3ed81

h(x,y)=f(P02(x,y),g(P02(x,y),P02(x,y),P12(x,y)),P12(x,y)).h(x,y) = f(\Proj{2}{0}(x,y), g(\Proj{2}{0}(x,y), \Proj{2}{0}(x,y), \Proj{2}{1}(x,y)), \Proj{2}{1}(x,y)).

Read as: h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma g open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma g open parenthesis the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index zero open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis comma the two place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-942b50f4e0bf3cad

concat\fn{concat}

Read as: the concatenate function

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the concatenate function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-94953145943a3013

f(x,z)f(\vec x, z)

Read as: f open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-94aea7d857cac4e6

f(x0)=x0=P01(x0)f(x_0) = x_0 = \Proj{1}{0}(x_0)

Read as: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero equals the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero equals the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-94fa7dc15ec49291

f(0,z),f(1,z),f(2,z)f(0,\vec z), f(1,\vec z), f(2,\vec z)

Read as: f open parenthesis zero comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis one comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis two comma vector z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis zero comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis one comma vector z close parenthesis comma f open parenthesis two comma vector z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-968a6035541b05d2

xyx \nmid y

Read as: x does not divide y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x does not divide y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-971387061bac6803

mR(x,y+1)=mR(x,y)m_R(\vec{x}, y+1) = m_R(\vec{x}, y)

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-973975dfb53609aa

gm(x)g_m(\vec x)

Read as: g sub m open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub m open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-97952e1958b54679

R(x,1)R(x, 1)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-979a2739166a2174

χQ\Char{Q}

Read as: chi sub Q

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: chi sub Q. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-97b37ee44274a337

y=xy=x

Read as: y equals x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y equals x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-98032d3a5157a88e

nextPrime(x)\fn{nextPrime}(x)

Read as: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the function next prime open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-98174b73dbda257c

d(x,y)=x/yd(x, y) = \lfloor x/y \rfloor

Read as: d of x and y equals the floor of x divided by y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: d of x and y equals the floor of x divided by y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-982d20d1e491c9e1

f:f\colon \Nat \to \Nat

Read as: f from the natural numbers to the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f from the natural numbers to the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-98550483d35bb33d

f2f_2

Read as: f sub two

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-98c0252df9654e57

\tsub

Read as: truncated minus

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: truncated minus. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-98f0455530b5b3d8

gk1g_{k-1}

Read as: g sub k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-993dfacb9c1d5689

g(x,y)g(x,y)

Read as: g open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9ae4d3d3a50c4b39

fac(0)=1fac(y+1)=fac(y)·(y+1).Officially, we have to first define a two-place function hh(x,0)=const1(x)h(x,y+1)=g(x,y,h(x,y))where g(x,y,z)=mult(P23(x,y,z),succ(P13(x,y,z))) and then letfac(y)=h(P01(y),P01(y))=h(y,y).\fn{fac}(0) &= 1\\ \fn{fac}(y+1) & = \fn{fac}(y) \cdot (y+1). \intertext{Officially, we have to first define a two-place function $h$} h(x, 0) & = \fn{const}_1(x)\\ h(x, y+1) & = g(x, y, h(x, y)) \intertext{where $g(x, y, z) = \Mult(\Proj{3}{2}(x, y, z), \Succ(\Proj{3}{1}(x, y, z)))$ and then let} \fn{fac}(y) & = h(\Proj{1}{0}(y), \Proj{1}{0}(y)) = h(y,y).

Read as: the factorial function open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row the factorial function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals the factorial function open parenthesis y close parenthesis times open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis Officially comma we have to first define a two-place function h. Next equation. h open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals the constant function sub one open parenthesis x close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma y comma h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis where g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis comma the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis and then let the factorial function open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the factorial function open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row the factorial function open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals the factorial function open parenthesis y close parenthesis times open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis Officially comma we have to first define a two-place function h. Next equation. h open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals the constant function sub one open parenthesis x close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x comma y comma h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis where g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis comma the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index one open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis and then let the factorial function open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9b19467654aed1a2

k=1k=1

Read as: k equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: k equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9b96421cae19455c

h(ed,ed)h(e_d, e_d)

Read as: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9c12f517727ede14

append\fn{append}

Read as: the function append

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the function append. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9e9e388296cda0af

φe(x)\cfind{e}(x) \fundefined

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis is undefined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis is undefined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9ee230f22d8cf57f

xyx \mid y

Read as: x divides y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x divides y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-9f694f9407126df0

g2(x)g_2(x)

Read as: g sub two open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub two open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a079646eb13e84be

f(x)=2·xf(x) = 2 \cdot x

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals two times x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals two times x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a07a48d217aa4849

hSubtreeSeq(t,t)\fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t, t)

Read as: the height-subtree-sequence function open parenthesis t comma t close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the height-subtree-sequence function open parenthesis t comma t close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a09012b9ba076c9d

h(x,y)=g(x,y,h(x,0),,h(x,y1))h(\vec x, y) = g(\vec x, y, \tuple{h(\vec x, 0), \dots, h(\vec x, y-1)})

Read as: h of vector x and y equals g applied to vector x, y, and the code of the sequence of earlier values h of vector x and zero through h of vector x and y minus one

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: h of vector x and y equals g applied to vector x, y, and the code of the sequence of earlier values h of vector x and zero through h of vector x and y minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a0bcbfe80a5958dc

fac(x)=x!=1·2·3··x\fn{fac}(x) = \fact{x} = 1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdot \dots \cdot x

Read as: the function factorial open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals x factorial equals one times two times three times and so on times x

Means: The equality chain states that the factorial function at x equals x factorial and also equals the product one times two times three and so on through x.

Equation form expr-a13c77e678b707fe

x+(yx)=x+(yx)=yx + (y \tsub x) = x + (y - x) = y

Read as: x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis equals x plus open parenthesis y minus x close parenthesis equals y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis equals x plus open parenthesis y minus x close parenthesis equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a1fce4363854ff88

yy

Read as: y

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a20f0ea99bc9b1dc

add(x,0)=xadd(x,y+1)=add(x,y)+1\Add(x,0) & = x\\ \Add(x,y+1) & = \Add(x,y)+1

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals x next row the addition function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis plus one

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the addition function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals x next row the addition function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a2277e0b98ac28a5

g(x)g(x)

Read as: g open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a269f7e0d4a25436

n=1n=1

Read as: n equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: n equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a318c24216defe20

++

Read as: plus

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: plus. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a33a76c1c0ac39d4

μx;(1χR(x,z))\mu x \; (1 \tsub \Char{R}(x,\vec z))

Read as: the least x such that relation R holds of x and vector z

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: the least x such that relation R holds of x and vector z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a35eda3a0c6a247d

h(x0,0)=f(x0)=1h(x0,y+1)=g(x0,y,h(x0,y))=2·h(x0,y).h'(x_0, 0) & = f(x_0) = 1 \\ h'(x_0, y+1) & = g(x_0, y, h'(x_0, y)) = 2 \cdot h'(x_0, y).

Read as: h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals one next row h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals two times h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals one next row h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals two times h prime open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a59c27c9ee664da4

h(ed,ed)1h(e_d, e_d) \neq 1

Read as: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis is not equal to one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis e sub d comma e sub d close parenthesis is not equal to one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a7501dff9eccca9f

ak1a_k \ge 1

Read as: a sub k is greater than or equal to one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: a sub k is greater than or equal to one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a75dbfeaae9c1c65

f0f_0

Read as: f sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a7711d2e52daeb33

2,0,l2,0,l3,l1\tuple{2, \tuple{0, l_2}, \tuple{0, l_3}, l_1}

Read as: the code of the tree sequence two, the code of the leaf labelled l sub two, the code of the leaf labelled l sub three, and the root label l sub one

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the code of the tree sequence two, the code of the leaf labelled l sub two, the code of the leaf labelled l sub three, and the root label l sub one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a7993d06483a098c

i<ni < n

Read as: i is less than n

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: i is less than n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a7a88239cad25c82

(xy)x\bexists{x \leq y}{\dots x\dots}

Read as: there exists x less than or equal to y such that the displayed surrounding condition holds at x

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: there exists x less than or equal to y such that the displayed surrounding condition holds at x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a80d58bc5c86f001

hconcat(s,t,n)\fn{hconcat}(s,t,n)

Read as: the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the function helper concatenate open parenthesis s comma t comma n close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-a94ee8c72b6b483b

tail(Λ)=0 andtail(s0,,sk)=s1,,sk.\fn{tail}(\emptyseq) & = 0 \text{ and}\\ \fn{tail}(\tuple{s_0, \dots, s_{k}}) & = \tuple{s_1, \dots, s_{k}}.

Read as: tail of the empty-sequence code equals zero; and tail of the code for sequence s sub zero through s sub k equals the code for sequence s sub one through s sub k

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: tail of the empty-sequence code equals zero; and tail of the code for sequence s sub zero through s sub k equals the code for sequence s sub one through s sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-aa0944382fc03cf0

a0,a1,a2,,ak\langle a_0, a_1, a_2, \dots, a_k \rangle

Read as: the tuple a sub zero, a sub one, a sub two, and so on through a sub k

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the tuple a sub zero, a sub one, a sub two, and so on through a sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-aaa9402664f1a41f

hh

Read as: h

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ab8a75907c76983d

p=p0·p1··pnp = p_0\cdot p_1 \cdot \dots \cdot p_n

Read as: p equals p sub zero times p sub one times and so on times p sub n

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p equals p sub zero times p sub one times and so on times p sub n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-abaff34ef46989e0

x=z×y+r(x,y)x = z\times y + r(x,y)

Read as: x equals z times y plus r open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals z times y plus r open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-acac86c0e609ca90

ll

Read as: l

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: l. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ad294477c6ade43d

h(x0,,xn1)=f(y0,,yk1)h(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1}) = f(y_0, \dots, y_{k-1})

Read as: h of x sub zero through x sub n minus one equals f of y sub zero through y sub k minus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h of x sub zero through x sub n minus one equals f of y sub zero through y sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ae109cb4887930a7

ISubtrees(t)=subseq(t,1,(t)0)\fn{ISubtrees}(t) = \fn{subseq}(t, 1, (t)_0)

Read as: the function immediate subtrees open parenthesis t close parenthesis equals the subsequence function open parenthesis t comma one comma open parenthesis t close parenthesis sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the function immediate subtrees open parenthesis t close parenthesis equals the subsequence function open parenthesis t comma one comma open parenthesis t close parenthesis sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ae3fa5fe5bb8b35e

n1,,nk\tuple{n_1, \dots, n_k}

Read as: n sub one through n sub k

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: n sub one through n sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ae8614f81f3eab91

Rec1[P01,Comp1,3[succ,P23]].\fn{Rec}_1[\Proj{1}{0},\fn{Comp}_{1,3}[\Succ,\Proj{3}{2}]].

Read as: the one-place recursion operator applied to the one-place projection with index zero and to the composition of successor with the three-place projection with index two

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the one-place recursion operator applied to the one-place projection with index zero and to the composition of successor with the three-place projection with index two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ae98c7b6a7e4af07

>x> x

Read as: greater than x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: greater than x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-aed54b42651f1880

χIsZero\Char{\fn{IsZero}}

Read as: chi for the zero-test relation

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: chi for the zero-test relation. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-aedc7f9854e15b6d

yxy \le x

Read as: y is less than or equal to x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y is less than or equal to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-af6ff7a7bda75f24

h(1)h(1)

Read as: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-afaab97eb7e01d41

f(x0)=0f(x_0) = 0

Read as: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-afd975476ac29b85

x=yx = y

Read as: x equals y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b07b76bcffde3315

h(x,y)h(\vec x, y)

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b0c752611f8bcf99

pia+1sp_i^{a+1} \mid s

Read as: p sub i superscript a plus one divides s

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub i superscript a plus one divides s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b0d426d00081371f

z\vec z

Read as: vector z

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: vector z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b18954ba2cf5c193

χPQ(x)={1if χP(x)=χQ(x)=10otherwise\Char{P \land Q}(\vec x) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $\Char{P}(\vec x) = \Char{Q}(\vec x) = 1$}\\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: the characteristic function of P and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one; row two: zero, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of P and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals one; row two: zero, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b1ebfd534777e14f

R(x,0)R(x, 0)

Read as: R open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b2a62ddd97c4a290

Pin(x0,,xn1)=xi,\Proj{n}{i}(x_0,\dots,x_{n-1}) = x_i,

Read as: the n place projection with index i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals x sub i

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the n place projection with index i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis equals x sub i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b2dbb62440facda5

(z<0)R(x,z)\bforall{z < 0}{R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: for every z less than zero, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: for every z less than zero, R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b595b214b5d4865e

2x2x

Read as: two times x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: two times x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b60126f0f6cfe15f

g(x,y,z)=succ(z)g(x, y, z) = \Succ(z)

Read as: g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b63914d2aa2ce5fd

g0,g1,g_0,g_1,\dots

Read as: g sub zero comma g sub one comma and so on

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub zero comma g sub one comma and so on. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b7358701e22a7a6c

y=0y = 0

Read as: y equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b77483d29eb72dc8

f(x)=mult(const2(x),P01(x))f(x) = \Mult(\fn{const}_2(x), \Proj{1}{0}(x))

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the constant function sub two open parenthesis x close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis the constant function sub two open parenthesis x close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b7cdd52ed0c34518

mult(x,0)=0mult(x,y+1)=add(mult(x,y),x)\Mult(x,0) & = 0 \\ \Mult(x,y+1) & = \Add(\Mult(x,y),x)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma x close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis comma x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-b9711ee2915de9c0

add\Add

Read as: the addition function

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bab3121cf95a2287

n=p0a0·p1a1··pkakn = p_0^{a_0} \cdot p_1^{a_1} \cdot \dots \cdot p_k^{a_k}

Read as: n equals p sub zero superscript a sub zero times p sub one superscript a sub one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: n equals p sub zero superscript a sub zero times p sub one superscript a sub one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bac52f5ad56b34af

f(x,y)=2(22x)}y 2'sf(x, y) = 2^{(2^{\iddots^{2^{x}}})}\raisebox{1ex}{\bigg\rbrace} \raisebox{1ex}{\text {$y$ $2$'s}}

Read as: f of x and y equals an exponent tower containing y copies of two, with x as the top exponent

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: f of x and y equals an exponent tower containing y copies of two, with x as the top exponent. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bc3b5864a25454f5

x=0x = 0

Read as: x equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bc5f18eacb554029

p0=2p_0=2

Read as: p sub zero equals two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub zero equals two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bc6e68768f4df913

pred(x,y)\fn{pred}'(x, y)

Read as: the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the predecessor function prime open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bd11fad62d2c9dfc

(k+2)(k+2)

Read as: k plus two

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: k plus two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bd522885def92f18

μx;(f(x,z)=0)\mu x \; (f(x,\vec z) = 0)

Read as: the least x such that open parenthesis f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis equals zero close parenthesis

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: the least x such that open parenthesis f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis equals zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-be6153780ebdd5b1

add(2,3)=4+1=5\Add(2, 3) = 4 + 1 = 5

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis equals four plus one equals five

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis two comma three close parenthesis equals four plus one equals five. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bf173953a9e841d7

g1g_1

Read as: g sub one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bf57d113efc4ce1a

p(2)=5p(2) = 5

Read as: p open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals five

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals five. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-bff58268aa6eeedc

μx;f(x,z)\mu x \; f(x,\vec z)

Read as: the least x such that f of x and vector z equals zero and f is defined at every earlier input

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: the least x such that f of x and vector z equals zero and f is defined at every earlier input. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c1533de8cf0e95f7

h(0)h(0)

Read as: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c165821f92f9541b

g(x,0)=f(x,0)g(x,y+1)=g(x,y)+f(x,y+1).g(\vec x, 0) & = f(\vec x, 0)\\ g(\vec x, y+1) & = g(\vec x, y) + f(\vec x, y+1).

Read as: g open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis next row g open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis plus f open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: g open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis next row g open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis plus f open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c1c366f26da43334

gkg_k

Read as: g sub k

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c2a54fdf1c4380b9

P12\Proj{2}{1}

Read as: the two place projection with index one

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the two place projection with index one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c489f23430817d0e

g(x0,y,z)=g(P23(x0,y,z))and g in turn can be defined by composition asg(z)=mult(g(z),P01(z))andg(z)=succ(f(z)),g(x_0, y, z) & = g'(\Proj{3}{2}(x_0, y, z)) \intertext{and $g'$ in turn can be defined by composition as} g'(z) & = \Mult(g''(z), \Proj{1}{0}(z)) \intertext{and} g''(z) & = \Succ(f(z)),

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals g prime open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis and g prime in turn can be defined by composition as g prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis g prime prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis and g prime prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis f open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals g prime open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis and g prime in turn can be defined by composition as g prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the multiplication function open parenthesis g prime prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis and g prime prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis f open parenthesis z close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c49641d768f5b8cb

y=0y=0

Read as: y equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c5824a5708aa1bd9

h(2)=h(1+1)h(2) = h(1+1)

Read as: h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis one plus one close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis two close parenthesis equals h open parenthesis one plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c59dc4e44ff99288

+1+1

Read as: plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c65e342838690a21

yxy \mid x

Read as: y divides x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y divides x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c80904897ed65f23

s0,,sk\tuple{s_0, \dots, s_k}

Read as: the code of the sequence s sub zero through s sub k

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: the code of the sequence s sub zero through s sub k. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c8882bc19dd1a481

max(x,y)\fn{max}(x,y)

Read as: the maximum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the maximum function open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c8f5191d2c850bdc

mR(x,y)ym_R(\vec x, y) \neq y

Read as: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is not equal to y

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis is not equal to y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c8fe935309f027bc

f(x,z)f(x,\vec z)

Read as: f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-c97dd470afa92249

h(x,y)=f(x,g(x,x,y),y).h(x,y) = f(x,g(x,x,y),y).

Read as: h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x comma g open parenthesis x comma x comma y close parenthesis comma y close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x comma g open parenthesis x comma x comma y close parenthesis comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ca3700e68890701c

pia+1p_i^{a+1}

Read as: p sub i superscript a plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub i superscript a plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ca84fb5032e1e543

f(x)={g0(x)if R0(x)g1(x)if R1(x) and not R0(x)gm1(x)if Rm1(x) and none of the previous holdgm(x)otherwisef(\vec x) = \begin{cases} g_0(\vec x) & \text{if $R_0(\vec{x})$} \\ g_1(\vec x) & \text{if $R_1(\vec{x})$ and not $R_0(\vec{x})$} \\ \vdots & \\ g_{m-1}(\vec x) & \text{if $R_{m-1}(\vec{x})$ and none of the previous hold} \\ g_m(\vec x) & \mbox{otherwise} \end{cases}

Read as: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row two: g sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and not R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row three: and so on vertically; row four: g sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and none of the previous hold; row five: g sub m open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row two: g sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and not R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row three: and so on vertically; row four: g sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, if R sub m minus one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis and none of the previous hold; row five: g sub m open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ca978112ca1bbdca

aa

Read as: a

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: a. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cb5a7299b00d81e2

h(x0,x1)=f(x1,x0)h(x_0, x_1) = f(x_1, x_0)

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub one comma x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma x sub one close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub one comma x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cb8e10e73bf6a18c

p+1p+1

Read as: p plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ccc7c1fc434e2e9d

yi=gi(x0,,xn1)y_i = g_i(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1})

Read as: y sub i equals g sub i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y sub i equals g sub i open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ccf15e4f87ae4337

i=0i = 0

Read as: i equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: i equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cd0aa9856147b6c5

gg

Read as: g

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cd2150e8aed591a7

h:h\colon\Nat \to \Nat

Read as: h from the natural numbers to the natural numbers

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h from the natural numbers to the natural numbers. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cdfd500e7880a526

tail(s)\fn{tail}(s)

Read as: tail of s

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: tail of s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ce0a7ad973bc52f0

f(x)f(x) \fundefined

Read as: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis is undefined

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: f open parenthesis x close parenthesis is undefined. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ce7e0b0e2a8c45f4

<p+1< p+1

Read as: less than p plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: less than p plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-cf917227556fc1f4

l2l_2

Read as: l sub two

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: l sub two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d086805bfd665865

h(0)=1h(y+1)=2·h(y).h(0) & = 1 \\ h(y+1) & = 2 \cdot h(y).

Read as: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row h open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis y close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis zero close parenthesis equals one next row h open parenthesis y plus one close parenthesis equals two times h open parenthesis y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d2416246840fc803

pred(x)=pred(zero(x),P01(x))\fn{pred}(x) = \fn{pred}'(\Zero(x), \Proj{1}{0}(x))

Read as: the predecessor function open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the predecessor function prime open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the predecessor function open parenthesis x close parenthesis equals the predecessor function prime open parenthesis the constant zero function open parenthesis x close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d3ef735b35769c75

φedd\cfind{e_d} \simeq d

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d has the same definedness and value as d

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e sub d has the same definedness and value as d. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d4098e4d6311558c

n2n \ge 2

Read as: n is greater than or equal to two

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: n is greater than or equal to two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d43e11fe7ee7f6da

mult(x,y)=x·y\Mult(x,y) = x \cdot y

Read as: applied to x and y equals x times y

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: applied to x and y equals x times y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d4735e3a265e16ee

22

Read as: two

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: two. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d4a66fb1aa33ca18

P(x)P(\vec x)

Read as: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d58c1d0fd20a74b3

h(x,0)=f(x)h(x,y+1)=g(x,y,h(x,0),,h(x,y)).h(\vec x, 0) & = f(\vec x) \\ h(\vec x, y+1) & = g(\vec x, y, \tuple{h(\vec x, 0), \dots, h(\vec x, y)}).

Read as: h of vector x and zero equals f of vector x; and h of vector x and y plus one equals g applied to vector x, y, and the code of the sequence of values h of vector x and zero through h of vector x and y

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h of vector x and zero equals f of vector x; and h of vector x and y plus one equals g applied to vector x, y, and the code of the sequence of values h of vector x and zero through h of vector x and y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d600a7b2756ca6bb

h(x0)=add(P01(x0),P01(x0)).h(x_0) = \Add(\Proj{1}{0}(x_0),\Proj{1}{0}(x_0)).

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d65c49298cf86509

add(x0,0)=P01(x0)=x0add(x0,y+1)=succ(P23(x0,y,add(x0,y)))=add(x0,y)+1\Add(x_0, 0) & = \Proj{1}{0}(x_0) = x_0\\ \Add(x_0, y+1) & = \Succ(\Proj{3}{2}(x_0, y, \Add(x_0, y))) = \Add(x_0, y) +1

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero next row the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis plus one

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals x sub zero next row the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d76c929dee4a1980

φe\cfind{e}

Read as: partial recursive function phi sub e

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: partial recursive function phi sub e. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d8b12b6b58c473d3

add(2,1)=2+1=3\Add(2,1) = 2 + 1 = 3

Read as: the addition function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis equals two plus one equals three

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the addition function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis equals two plus one equals three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d966a207d30630ec

χPQ(x)=max(χP(x),χQ(x)) andχPQ(x)=max(1χP(x),χQ(x)).\Char{P \lor Q}(\vec x) & = \fn{max}(\Char{P}(\vec x), \Char{Q}(\vec x)) \text{ and}\\ \Char{P \lif Q}(\vec x) & = \fn{max}(1 \tsub \Char{P}(\vec x), \Char{Q}(\vec x)).

Read as: the characteristic function of P or Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the maximum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis and next row the characteristic function of P implies Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the maximum function open parenthesis one truncated minus the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of P or Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the maximum function open parenthesis the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis and next row the characteristic function of P implies Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the maximum function open parenthesis one truncated minus the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma the characteristic function of Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d9791973c1dded6c

P01(x0)\Proj{1}{0}(x_0)

Read as: the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d9ca66e7c23867a7

l3l_3

Read as: l sub three

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: l sub three. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-d9eb0e49bd1e9839

h(x,y+1)h(\vec x, y+1)

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis vector x comma y plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-da12b6fe87dcf5f3

sconcat(s)\fn{sconcat}(s)

Read as: s-concat of s

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: s-concat of s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-db5d799ef1a0f9c3

f(x)=cond(χ¬R0(x),g0(x),g1(x)).f(\vec x) = \fn{cond}(\Char{\lnot R_0}(\vec x),g_0(\vec x),g_1(\vec x)).

Read as: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the conditional function open parenthesis the characteristic function of not R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma g sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals the conditional function open parenthesis the characteristic function of not R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma g sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis comma g sub one open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-dc4e94c8eee03c1f

d(y)={1if h(y,y)=0μxxxotherwise.d(y) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $h(y, y) = 0$}\\ \umin{x}{x \neq x} & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

Read as: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis equals zero; row two: the least x such that x is not equal to x, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: d open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis equals zero; row two: the least x such that x is not equal to x, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-dddec4cec1599e3c

mult\Mult

Read as: the multiplication function

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-de7d1b721a1e0632

ii

Read as: i

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: i. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-df0dad555a9c7289

1χP(x)1 \tsub \Char{P}(\vec x)

Read as: one truncated minus the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: one truncated minus the characteristic function of P open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-df9955829d714544

succ(P23(x0,y,z))\Succ(\Proj{3}{2}(x_0, y, z))

Read as: the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the successor function open parenthesis the three place projection with index two open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-dfa441daf9f4df8a

h(e,x)={1if φe(x)0otherwise.h(e, x) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $\cfind{e}(x) \fdefined$}\\ 0 & \text{otherwise.} \end{cases}

Read as: h open parenthesis e comma x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined; row two: zero, otherwise; cases end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis e comma x close parenthesis equals cases begin; row one: one, if partial recursive function phi sub e open parenthesis x close parenthesis is defined; row two: zero, otherwise; cases end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-dfb4f746dd2f3b1b

\simeq

Read as: has the same definedness and value as

Means: A partial-computation statement expressing: has the same definedness and value as. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e1e6765855c0925c

pia+2sp_i^{a+2} \nmid s

Read as: p sub i superscript a plus two does not divide s

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: p sub i superscript a plus two does not divide s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e302e6f07b3d70a5

h(y)=h(P01(y),P01(y))h(y) = h'(\Proj{1}{0}(y),\Proj{1}{0}(y))

Read as: h open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals h prime open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: h open parenthesis y close parenthesis equals h prime open parenthesis the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis comma the one place projection with index zero open parenthesis y close parenthesis close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e3077567b15fa4af

z<yz<y

Read as: z is less than y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: z is less than y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e38b7b58eb4f7b3a

R0(x)R_0(\vec x)

Read as: R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: R sub zero open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e39db7114af81e97

g(z)=2·zg'(z) = 2 \cdot z

Read as: g prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals two times z

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: g prime open parenthesis z close parenthesis equals two times z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e3a38f7294a58e31

s=p0a0+1··pkak+1,s = p_0^{a_0+1} \cdot \dots \cdot p_{k}^{a_{k}+1},

Read as: s equals p sub zero superscript a sub zero plus one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: s equals p sub zero superscript a sub zero plus one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e3b98a4da31a127d

tt

Read as: t

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: t. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e3cb3f4dce5e370a

d(x,y)=0d(x, y) = 0

Read as: d open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: d open parenthesis x comma y close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e60d53cec3f4568f

xk1x_{k-1}

Read as: x sub k minus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x sub k minus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e6304ffd5391c53c

m'R(x,y)m'_R(\vec{x}, y)

Read as: m prime sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: m prime sub R open parenthesis vector x comma y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e632b7095b0bf32c

TT

Read as: T

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: T. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e6605a6f18171dc9

h(y,y)0h(y,y) \neq 0

Read as: h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis is not equal to zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis y comma y close parenthesis is not equal to zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e6799051fc36316c

χPQ(x)\Char{P \land Q}(\vec x)

Read as: the characteristic function of P and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of P and Q open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e6915bf887e556eb

z<yz < y

Read as: z is less than y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: z is less than y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e76d8eb331140f83

mult(2,0)\Mult(2,0)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e77de3ec8e962e37

len(s)\len{s}

Read as: length, applied to s

Means: A sequence- or tree-coding expression denoting: length, applied to s. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e7d1c9237b449a64

g1(x)g_1(x)

Read as: g sub one open parenthesis x close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: g sub one open parenthesis x close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e8748a5040d97e23

IsZero(xy)\fn{IsZero}(x \tsub y)

Read as: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the zero-test predicate open parenthesis x truncated minus y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e8c17252cf9632d5

χR\Char{R}

Read as: the characteristic function of R

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: the characteristic function of R. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-e95355777b59cb5e

(z<y)R(x,z) and(z<y)R(x,z).& \bforall{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)} \text{ and}\\ & \bexists{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)}.

Read as: for every z less than y, R of vector x and z; and there exists z less than y such that R of vector x and z

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: for every z less than y, R of vector x and z; and there exists z less than y such that R of vector x and z. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-eae5274810fb2e34

z<y+1z < y+1

Read as: z is less than y plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: z is less than y plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ec4651e8e7f851e0

y=1y = 1

Read as: y equals one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y equals one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ec53b9efae68ebaf

y>xy > x

Read as: y is greater than x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: y is greater than x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-eea62bad037aa99b

y\leq y

Read as: less than or equal to y

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: less than or equal to y. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ef2d127de37b942b

55

Read as: five

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: five. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ef59500f593f24e8

x+(yx)=x+0=xx + (y \tsub x) = x + 0 = x

Read as: x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis equals x plus zero equals x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: x plus open parenthesis y truncated minus x close parenthesis equals x plus zero equals x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-efb95e73a322391a

Compk,n\fn{Comp}_{k,n}

Read as: the function composition sub k comma n

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the function composition sub k comma n. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f10f7239cc7ed303

x\le x

Read as: less than or equal to x

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: less than or equal to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f17d8b48f6a69641

mult(2,1)\Mult(2,1)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: the multiplication function open parenthesis two comma one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f19333325be3b4d7

h(x,1)=g(x,0,h(x,0))=g(x,0,f(x)).We can go on in this way and computeh(x,2)=g(x,1,h(x,1))=g(x,1,g(x,0,f(x)))h(x,3)=g(x,2,h(x,2))=g(x,2,g(x,1,g(x,0,f(x))))h(x,4)=g(x,3,h(x,3))=g(x,3,g(x,2,g(x,1,g(x,0,f(x)))))h(\vec x, 1) & = g(\vec x, 0, h(\vec x, 0)) = g(\vec x, 0, f(\vec x)). \intertext{We can go on in this way and compute} h(\vec x, 2) & = g(\vec x, 1, h(\vec x, 1)) = g(\vec x, 1, g(\vec x, 0, f(\vec x)))\\ h(\vec x, 3) & = g(\vec x, 2, h(\vec x, 2)) = g(\vec x, 2, g(\vec x, 1, g(\vec x, 0, f(\vec x))))\\ h(\vec x, 4) & = g(\vec x, 3, h(\vec x, 3)) = g(\vec x, 3, g(\vec x, 2, g(\vec x, 1, g(\vec x, 0, f(\vec x)))))\\ & \vdots

Read as: h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis We can go on in this way and compute h open parenthesis vector x comma two close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma three close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma h open parenthesis vector x comma two close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma four close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma three comma h open parenthesis vector x comma three close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma three comma g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row and so on vertically

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma h open parenthesis vector x comma zero close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis We can go on in this way and compute h open parenthesis vector x comma two close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma h open parenthesis vector x comma one close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma three close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma h open parenthesis vector x comma two close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row h open parenthesis vector x comma four close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma three comma h open parenthesis vector x comma three close parenthesis close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis vector x comma three comma g open parenthesis vector x comma two comma g open parenthesis vector x comma one comma g open parenthesis vector x comma zero comma f open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis close parenthesis next row and so on vertically. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f1e5183bd7411038

S0S_0

Read as: S sub zero

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: S sub zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f212c1cf438fc09c

(z<y)R(x,z)¬(z<y)¬R(x,z)\bexists{z < y}{R(\vec x, z)} \liff \lnot \bforall{z < y}{\lnot R(\vec x, z)}

Read as: there exists z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis if and only if not for every z less than y, not R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive relation or bounded-quantifier statement expressing: there exists z less than y such that R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis if and only if not for every z less than y, not R open parenthesis vector x comma z close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f25413b063beb2ef

p0a0+1·p1a1+1·p2a2+1··pkak+1.p_0^{a_0+1} \cdot p_1^{a_1+1} \cdot p_2^{a_2+1} \cdot \dots \cdot p_k^{a_k+1}.

Read as: p sub zero superscript a sub zero plus one times p sub one superscript a sub one plus one times p sub two superscript a sub two plus one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: p sub zero superscript a sub zero plus one times p sub one superscript a sub one plus one times p sub two superscript a sub two plus one times and so on times p sub k superscript a sub k plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f2dc52e623459ded

Pjn\Proj{n}{j}

Read as: P superscript n sub j

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: P superscript n sub j. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f303ce6dda74413f

sequenceBound(x,k)=pk1k·(x+1),\fn{sequenceBound}(x,k) = p_{k-1}^{k \cdot (x+1)},

Read as: the function sequence bound open parenthesis x comma k close parenthesis equals p sub k minus one superscript k times open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: the function sequence bound open parenthesis x comma k close parenthesis equals p sub k minus one superscript k times open parenthesis x plus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f394eff20da25b50

hSubtreeSeq(t,n)\fn{hSubtreeSeq}(t,n)

Read as: the height-subtree-sequence function open parenthesis t comma n close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the height-subtree-sequence function open parenthesis t comma n close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f3b9fd9c94e230f5

xxx \neq x

Read as: x is not equal to x

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x is not equal to x. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f4c0417aafe3ccec

mult(x0,0)=f(x0)=0mult(x0,y+1)=g(x0,y,mult(x0,y))=add(mult(x0,y),x0)\Mult(x_0,0) & = f(x_0) = 0 \\ \Mult(x_0,y+1) & = g(x_0, y, \Mult(x_0,y)) = \Add(\Mult(x_0,y), x_0)

Read as: the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis comma x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma zero close parenthesis equals f open parenthesis x sub zero close parenthesis equals zero next row the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y plus one close parenthesis equals g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis the multiplication function open parenthesis x sub zero comma y close parenthesis comma x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f67ab10ad4e4c531

FF

Read as: F

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: F. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f6c7bb8c5df25008

pred\fn{pred}

Read as: the predecessor function

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the predecessor function. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f6edbd6f847b69e7

S=iSiS = \bigcup_{i \in \Nat} S_i

Read as: S equals the union, over all natural numbers i, of S sub i

Means: S is the union of all finite construction stages. The reading is cumulative: an identity composition promotes each stage function to the next stage even though the frozen prose does not state that promotion separately.

Equation form expr-f782dd90b07e2129

pred(y)\fn{pred}(y)

Read as: the predecessor function open parenthesis y close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: the predecessor function open parenthesis y close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-f9fae44fbe241f45

1=0+11 = 0 + 1

Read as: one equals zero plus one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: one equals zero plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fa7d6b524c7003f2

f(y0,y1)f(y_0, y_1)

Read as: f open parenthesis y sub zero comma y sub one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: f open parenthesis y sub zero comma y sub one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fb4d66121f534e20

h(x0,,xn1)h(x_0, \dots, x_{n-1})

Read as: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: h open parenthesis x sub zero comma and so on comma x sub n minus one close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fb7e3d8aa70fbb2e

k1k\ge 1

Read as: k is greater than or equal to one

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: k is greater than or equal to one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fcbfca902c664ca4

f(x,z)=0f(x,\vec z) = 0

Read as: f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis equals zero

Means: A recursive-function relation or equation stating: f open parenthesis x comma vector z close parenthesis equals zero. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fd3e84dc55a773ef

#(F)\#(F)

Read as: the code of open parenthesis F close parenthesis

Means: A notation-coding expression denoting: the code of open parenthesis F close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fdcf076edc5108f3

x!+1\fact{x}+1

Read as: x factorial plus one

Means: Recursive-function notation denoting: x factorial plus one. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-fe96ac5aba439557

g(x0,y,z)=add(z,x0)g(x_0, y, z) = \Add(z,x_0)

Read as: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis z comma x sub zero close parenthesis

Means: A primitive-recursive construction or operator denoting: g open parenthesis x sub zero comma y comma z close parenthesis equals the addition function open parenthesis z comma x sub zero close parenthesis. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ff057e3908f4aca2

concat(s,t)={Λif len(s)+len(t)=0,(minv<sequenceBound(s+t,len(s)+len(t)))len(v)=len(s)+len(t)(i<len(s))(v)i=(s)i(j<len(t))(v)len(s)+j=(t)jotherwise.\fn{concat}(s,t)=\begin{cases}\emptyseq & \text{if }\len{s}+\len{t}=0,\\ \bmin{v < \fn{sequenceBound}(s+t,\len{s}+\len{t})}{\len{v}=\len{s}+\len{t} \land \bforall{i<\len{s}}{(v)_i=(s)_i} \land \bforall{j<\len{t}}{(v)_{\len{s}+j}=(t)_j} }& \text{otherwise.}\end{cases}

Read as: concatenate of s and t is the empty-sequence code when their total length is zero; otherwise it is the least bounded sequence code v having the combined length, the entries of s as its prefix, and the entries of t as its suffix

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: concatenate of s and t is the empty-sequence code when their total length is zero; otherwise it is the least bounded sequence code v having the combined length, the entries of s as its prefix, and the entries of t as its suffix. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Equation form expr-ff6e5d65faad1ad4

χR(x)={1if R(x)0otherwise.\Char{R}(\vec x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & \mbox{if $R(\vec x)$} \\ 0 & \mbox{otherwise} \end{array} \right.

Read as: the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals table begin; row one: one, if R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row two: zero, otherwise; table end

Means: A source-ordered system, calculation, or case table stating: the characteristic function of R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis equals table begin; row one: one, if R open parenthesis vector x close parenthesis; row two: zero, otherwise; table end. This meaning is freshly authored from the complete recursive-functions source packet.

Power of two primitive recursion display

The first row sets h at zero equal to one. The second row sets h at the successor of x equal to two times h at x.

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Initial power of two computation display

The rows compute h at one as two times h at zero and hence two, h at two as two times h at one and hence two times two, and h at three as two times h at two and hence three factors of two, followed by an ellipsis.

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Addition recursion display

The base row sets addition of x and zero equal to x. The successor row sets addition of x and the successor of y equal to the successor of addition of x and y.

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Multiplication recursion display

The base row sets multiplication of x and zero equal to zero. The successor row sets multiplication of x and the successor of y equal to addition of the preceding product and x.

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Multiplication by two computation display

The rows compute multiplication of two by zero, one, two, and three in source order, expanding each successor step through addition and obtaining zero, two, four, and six.

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Parameterized primitive recursion display

The base row gives h on parameters x sub zero through x sub k minus one and zero as f of those parameters. The successor row gives h on the same parameters and the successor of y as g of the parameters, y, and the preceding value of h.

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Addition as primitive recursion display

The base row identifies addition of x sub zero and zero with f of x sub zero and with x sub zero. The successor row identifies the next addition value with g applied to x sub zero, y, and the preceding addition value, then with successor of that value.

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Multiplication as primitive recursion display

The base row identifies multiplication of x sub zero and zero with f of x sub zero and with zero. The successor row identifies the next product with g applied to x sub zero, y, and the preceding product, then with addition of that product and x sub zero.

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Definition of primitive recursion

The definition assumes a function f of k arguments, with k at least one, and a function g of k plus two arguments. It defines h by primitive recursion as a function of k plus one arguments. Its nested equation display first gives h at the parameter vector and zero as f of that vector, then gives h at the successor of y as g of the same parameters, y, and the preceding value of h.

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Nested primitive recursion equation display

This display inside the definition gives the two defining equations for h. The first applies f at recursion value zero, and the second applies g to the fixed parameters, the current recursion value, and the already computed value of h.

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Definition of composition

The definition assumes an outer function f of k arguments and k inner functions from g sub zero through g sub k minus one, each of n arguments. It defines the n place function h by applying every inner function to the same n inputs and feeding the resulting k values, in order, to f.

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Definition of primitive recursive functions

The definition concerns natural number valued functions of any finite arity and gives five inductive clauses. Zero and successor are primitive recursive, every projection is primitive recursive, composition of primitive recursive functions is primitive recursive, and primitive recursion from primitive recursive base and step functions is primitive recursive.

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Addition is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the function sending x and y to their sum is primitive recursive.

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Addition proof equation display

The base row presents addition of x sub zero and zero as the projection f and hence x sub zero. The successor row presents addition at the successor of y as g applied to the parameters and preceding value, then as successor of the preceding sum.

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Multiplication is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the function sending x and y to their product is primitive recursive.

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Multiplication proof exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to prove that multiplication is primitive recursive by placing its recursive definition in the required primitive recursion form and showing that the corresponding base function f and step function g are primitive recursive.

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First primitive recursion example

The example begins with h at zero equal to one and each successor value equal to twice the preceding value. It explains the zero parameter obstacle and the constants one and two, introduces a dummy argument and a function h prime, builds its base function from successor and zero, builds its step through multiplication, projections, and two auxiliary functions, then recovers h from h prime by composition and concludes that h is primitive recursive.

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Nested initial recursion example display

This first display inside the example sets h at zero equal to one and h at the successor of y equal to two times h at y.

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Nested dummy argument recursion display

This second display inside the example introduces h prime. Its base value is f of the dummy argument and equals one, while its successor value is g of the dummy argument, y, and the preceding h prime value, and equals twice that preceding value.

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Nested auxiliary composition display

This third display inside the example defines g by applying g prime to the third projection, defines g prime by multiplying g double prime with the first projection, and defines g double prime as successor applied to f.

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Addition operator notation display

The base row writes addition of x sub zero and zero as the one place projection and hence x sub zero. The successor row writes the next sum as successor applied to the third projection of the parameter, recursion value, and preceding sum, and hence as the preceding sum plus one.

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Multiplication notation exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to give the complete primitive recursive operator notation for multiplication.

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Vector primitive recursion display

The first row gives h of vector x and zero as f of vector x. The second row gives h of vector x and the successor of y as g of vector x, y, and h of vector x and y.

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Successive primitive recursion computation display

The rows expand h of vector x at one, two, three, and four by repeatedly applying g to the current recursion index and the preceding value, beginning with f of vector x, and then indicate continuation by an ellipsis.

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Exponentiation is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that exponentiation, sending x and y to x raised to the power y, is primitive recursive.

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Exponentiation construction display

The display first gives exponentiation at zero as one and at a successor as x times the preceding power. It then gives the official primitive recursion form using f and g, defines f as successor of zero and hence one, and defines g through multiplication of the appropriate first and third projections and hence x times z.

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Predecessor is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition defines predecessor by cases, returning zero at zero and y minus one otherwise, and states that this function is primitive recursive.

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Predecessor recursion display

The first row sets predecessor at zero equal to zero. The second row sets predecessor at the successor of y equal to y.

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Dummy argument predecessor display

The first row sets predecessor prime at x and zero equal to the zero function at x and hence zero. The second row sets its successor value equal to the second projection of x, y, and the preceding value, and hence y.

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Factorial is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition identifies factorial of x with the product of the positive natural numbers through x and states that factorial is primitive recursive.

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Factorial construction display

The display first gives factorial at zero as one and factorial at a successor as the preceding factorial times that successor. It then introduces a two place function h with a constant one base and a step function g, defines g through multiplication of the third projection with successor of the second projection, and finally recovers factorial of y from h at y and y.

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Truncated subtraction is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition defines truncated subtraction of y from x by cases, returning zero when x is less than y and ordinary subtraction otherwise, and states that it is primitive recursive.

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Truncated subtraction recursion display

The base row gives x truncated by zero as x. The successor row gives x truncated by the successor of y as predecessor of x truncated by y.

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Distance is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the absolute value of x minus y, viewed as the distance between x and y, is primitive recursive.

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Maximum is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the maximum of x and y is primitive recursive.

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Minimum is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the minimum of x and y is primitive recursive.

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Minimum proof exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to prove the preceding proposition that minimum is primitive recursive.

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Exponent tower exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to show that the function whose value is a tower containing y copies of two with x as the top exponent is primitive recursive.

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Integer division construction exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to show that integer division, which discards the fractional part and returns zero when the divisor is zero, is primitive recursive, and to give an explicit construction using primitive recursion and composition.

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Finite sums and products closure proposition

The proposition states two closure results in source order. A finite sum through y of values of a primitive recursive function is primitive recursive, and a finite product through y of values of a primitive recursive function is primitive recursive.

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Finite sum recursion display

The base row sets g of vector x and zero equal to f of vector x and zero. The successor row sets the next finite sum equal to the preceding sum plus f of vector x at the new index.

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Definition of primitive recursive relations

The definition says that a relation on vector x is primitive recursive when its characteristic function is primitive recursive. Its displayed characteristic function returns one when the relation holds and zero otherwise.

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Zero test characteristic function display

The first row gives the characteristic function of the zero test at zero as one. The second row gives its value at every successor as zero.

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Boolean closure proposition for relations

The proposition states that if relations P and Q are primitive recursive, then their negation, conjunction, disjunction, and implication are also primitive recursive, in that source order.

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Disjunction and implication characteristic display

The first row defines the characteristic function of the disjunction of P and Q as the maximum of their characteristic values. The second row defines the characteristic function of their implication as the maximum of one truncated by the characteristic value of P and the characteristic value of Q.

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Bounded quantification closure proposition

The proposition states that if R of vector x and z is primitive recursive, then both the bounded universal relation and the bounded existential relation with z less than y are primitive recursive. It explains that the universal relation holds exactly when R holds for every z below y and says the existential case is analogous.

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Nested bounded quantifier display

This display inside the proposition presents, in order, the bounded universal statement that R holds for every z below y and the bounded existential statement that R holds for some z below y.

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Bounded universal characteristic recursion display

The base row sets the characteristic function of P at vector x and zero equal to one. The successor row sets its next value equal to the minimum of its preceding value and the characteristic value of R at vector x and y.

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Congruence relation exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to show that the three place relation saying x is congruent to y modulo n is primitive recursive.

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Conditional function display

The display first defines the conditional function by cases, returning y when x is zero and z otherwise. It then gives its primitive recursion equations, with value y at zero and value z at every successor.

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Piecewise primitive recursion proposition

The proposition assumes primitive recursive functions from g sub zero through g sub m and primitive recursive relations from R sub zero through R sub m minus one. It defines f by an ordered case list, choosing each g sub i when its relation holds and no earlier relation holds, and choosing g sub m otherwise, then states that f is primitive recursive.

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Bounded minimization proposition

The proposition states that when R of vector x and z is primitive recursive, the function m sub R returns the least z below y for which R holds, if one exists, and returns y otherwise. It also introduces the bounded minimization notation for that function.

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Bounded minimization recursion display

The base row sets m sub R at vector x and zero equal to zero. At the successor of y, the case display keeps an earlier witness when one was found, returns y when y is the first witness, and returns the successor of y when no witness has appeared.

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Alternative bounded search exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to define, by primitive recursion from the characteristic function of R, a bounded search function that returns the least z below y satisfying R and returns zero when no such z exists.

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Prime enumeration recursion display

The base row sets p at zero equal to two. The successor row sets the next value of p equal to the first prime larger than the preceding value.

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Bounded minimization division exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to define integer division of x by y using bounded minimization.

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Sequence length proposition

The proposition states that the function returning the length of the coded sequence s is primitive recursive.

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Sequence append proposition

The proposition states that the function returning the result of appending the entry a to the coded sequence s is primitive recursive.

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Sequence element proposition

The proposition states that the element function is primitive recursive. It returns the entry at index i of sequence s, counting the initial entry as index zero, and returns zero when i is at least the length of s.

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Sequence concatenation proposition

The proposition states that the function concatenating coded sequences s and t is primitive recursive.

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Iterated concatenation recursion display

The base row sets the helper concatenation function at step zero equal to s. The successor row appends entry n of t to the preceding helper value. The final row defines concatenation of s and t by running the helper for the length of t.

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Corrected bounded search concatenation display

The source display attempts to obtain the concatenation of s and t by bounded search for a sequence v of the combined length whose initial entries match s and whose remaining entries match t. The reader correction supplies the missing predicate scope and an explicit empty sequence case, while the frozen malformed source display remains available separately.

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Sequence list concatenation exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to show that a primitive recursive function can concatenate every coded sequence from s sub zero through s sub k into one sequence.

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Sequence tail exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to construct a primitive recursive tail function that returns zero on the empty sequence and otherwise removes the initial entry, as stated in its nested display.

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Nested sequence tail equation display

This display inside the unsolved exercise gives the required behavior of tail. It returns zero on the empty sequence and maps the sequence from s sub zero through s sub k to the sequence from s sub one through s sub k.

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Subsequence is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the function returning the length n subsequence of s beginning at entry i is primitive recursive.

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Subsequence proof exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to prove the preceding proposition that the subsequence function is primitive recursive.

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Subtree sequence is primitive recursive proposition

The proposition states that the function returning a coded sequence of the codes of all subtrees of the tree coded by t is primitive recursive.

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Corrected subtree accumulator display

The source display starts an accumulator with f applied to the first entry and then appends f applied to each next entry. The reader correction starts with the empty sequence and at each successor step appends f applied to the entry at the preceding index, removing the empty input and off by one defect while preserving the frozen source display separately.

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Subtree iteration display

The base row sets the helper subtree sequence at t and zero equal to the one entry sequence containing t. The successor row concatenates the preceding helper sequence with h applied to that preceding sequence.

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Duplicate free subtree exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It notes that the helper subtree sequence from the preceding proof can repeat subtree codes and asks for an alternative definition in which every subtree code occurs only once.

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Simultaneous recursion display

The first two rows give the base values of h sub zero and h sub one from f sub zero and f sub one. The next two rows give their successor values through g sub zero and g sub one, with each step function receiving both preceding h values.

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Course of values recursion display

The base row gives h of vector x and zero as f of vector x. The successor row gives h at the successor of y by applying g to vector x, y, and the coded sequence of all earlier h values from zero through y.

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Earlier value selection display

The case display gives h of vector x and y through g using the earlier value selected by k when that selected index is below y, and gives f of vector x otherwise.

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Remainder by course of values exercise

This exercise is intentionally left unsolved. It asks the reader to define remainder by course of values recursion, requiring a remainder below a positive divisor y whose addition to a multiple of y gives x, and stipulating zero when y is zero.

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Changing parameters recursion display

The base row gives h of vector x and zero as f of vector x. The successor row applies g to vector x, y, and a preceding h computation whose parameter vector has been changed by k.

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Diagonal successor function display

The first row defines h of x as g of x and x plus one. The second row identifies that value with f sub x at x plus one, producing the diagonal disagreement.

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Fast growing function hierarchy display

The base row defines g sub zero at x as x plus one. The successor row defines g sub n plus one at x by iterating g sub n exactly x times starting at x.

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Primitive recursive notation coding display

The rows assign codes in source order. Zero receives the one entry tuple zero, successor receives the one entry tuple one, and a projection receives the tuple containing two, its arity, and its index. A composition receives a tuple beginning with three and the two relevant arities, followed by the codes of its outer and inner notations. A recursion receives the tuple containing four, its arity, and the codes of its base and step notations.

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Definition of partial recursive functions

The definition gives the partial recursive functions as the smallest class of partial natural number functions of varying arities that contains zero, successor, and projections and is closed under composition, primitive recursion, and unbounded search.

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Definition of recursive functions

The definition says that recursive functions are exactly the total functions among the partial recursive functions.

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Kleene normal form theorem

The theorem states that there are a primitive recursive relation T and a primitive recursive function U such that every partial recursive function f has some index e for which f at x has the same definedness and value as U applied to the least s satisfying T of e, x, and s, for every x.

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Halting function nonrecursiveness theorem

The theorem states that the halting function h is not partial recursive.

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Definition of general recursive functions

The definition gives the general recursive functions as the smallest class of total natural number functions of varying arities that contains zero, successor, and projections and is closed under composition, primitive recursion, and unbounded search applied only to regular functions.

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Cross-reference reference-000554

Addition construction reference to primitive recursion

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Cross-reference reference-000555

Multiplication exercise reference to multiplication proposition

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Cross-reference reference-000556

Multiplication exercise reference to primitive recursion

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Cross-reference reference-000557

First example obstacle reference to primitive recursion

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Cross-reference reference-000558

Minimum exercise reference to minimum proposition

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Cross-reference reference-000559

Subsequence exercise reference to subsequence proposition

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Cross-reference reference-000560

Duplicate free subtree exercise reference

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Cross-reference reference-000561

Initial comparison reference to general recursion definition

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Cross-reference reference-000562

Initial comparison reference to recursive function definition

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Cross-reference reference-000563

Misnomer comparison reference to general recursion definition

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Cross-reference reference-000564

Equivalence comparison reference to recursive function definition

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